Absolute, Idea, Ideal in a Philosophical Tradition

Abstract

The aim of the research is to explain the category of the «absolute» in philosophical reflection as an ultimate goal of culture work and art. The object of the scientific research is the unity of philosophical and cultural reflection; the subject of the scientific research is the category of the “absolute” in philosophical reflection. The methodology of the research is based on the cultural-historical reconstruction of the absolute as an unconditional, unrestricted principle, as a philosophical category, which determines the basis of the universe, the fullness of being and the perfection of the world. For this purpose, methods of analysis and synthesis, structural method, systemic and comparative approaches were used. The scientific novelty of the research is about defining the certain ontological concepts of the absolute as follows: the basis, completeness as a certain value metric (intensive and extensive) of perfection of the human world; the desire to achieve the highest degree of harmony that is reflected in the unity of Man and the World. Conclusions. Consequently, we can say that after World War II the philosophers discovered the world of existential infinity of being, when K. Yapers started to talk about metaphysical guilt, and M. Buber was more direct, when said that the pre-distancing of man attitude to God is the basis of attitude man to man. These philosophers generate such moves of thought in philosophy, which, of course, relate to the Absolute as the Ideal. It is worth mentioning that the question of the Absolute is infinite, as well as the question of the essence of philosophy in its tradition, but it has its core, which is rooted in the fact that teleology as a goal-setting in human existence finds its completeness in the Theocentrism, in a dialogue or polylogue with the Absolute, meeting with a great Another. The thought-meeting is phenomenologically clearly structured as the constitution of “the I” and the world at the same time as the constitution of the Absolute. It gives hope and confusion at the same time; it helps to understand that the existence of “the I” in another, anderssein is a certain strangeness as another “the I” of a musician, performer, composer, and philosopher.